فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان
پیاپی 20 (تابستان 1392)

This research administered with the aim of investigates the moderating role of cultural values in relationship between justice and injustice with athletes’’ destructive behavior. Statistical population was the one thousand of athletes from first and second faction of country competitions in different field. From, 264 athletes selected with the use of simple random sampling for answering to distributive injustice questionnaire with 5 items, interactional justice with 4 items, procedural justice with 4 items, materialism with 3 items, power distance with 5 items and destructive behaviors with 9 items (with two subscales including try to exit or change the club with 3 items, and neglect/aggressive voice with 6 items). Data analyzed with using correlation analysis and moderated hierarchical regression analysis. Results showed that materialism moderate the relationships between distributive injustice, interactional justice and procedural justice with try to exit or change the club, and relationship between distributive injustice with neglect/aggressive voice. Power distance also only moderates the relationship between interactional justice with try to exit or change the club. But power distance has not moderating role in relations between injustice and justice dimensions with neglect/aggressive voice.

The overall objective of this research is studying the relationship between verbal skills and satisfaction & loyalty of the costumers of aerobic clubs. It shall be considered that effective communication is one of the key elements of the managers’ success, to the extent that verbal skills of the manager & employees of an organization can ensure long-term productivity and survival of a sport club as a small organization. Thus this research studies that whether the sport clubs, in addition to internal & external marketing, need mutual marketing, that is the mutual communication with the costumers, or in other words, respecting the verbal skills in their interaction with the costumers, and that to which extent this mutual communication is effective on the costumers’ satisfaction, and their loyalty to continue attending the club. In other words, is there any relation between aerobic club managers’ verbal skills and the costumers’ satisfaction & loyalty to the aerobic clubs? The importance of carrying out this plan is that it studies the effect of the managers’ positive interactions on the athletes’ satisfaction & loyalty. This research has been carried out in 2012 in Kerman City, and more specifically, in aerobic clubs using correlation explanatory method based on standard questionnaire. The statistical society includes a number of 3000 athletes and 46 managers from 46 aerobic clubs in Kerman City, and the statistical sample was designed, through Morgan method and random sampling method, to have 300 athletes and totally 46 managers. The gathered data were analysed by spss software and indicated that:- There is a relationship between the managers’ verbal skills and the Kerman city aerobic clubs costumers’ satisfaction- There is a relationship between the managers’ verbal skills and the Kerman city aerobic clubs costumers’ loyalty Considering these findings, it can be said that, regarding the two main variables of this research, which have been studied according to the former researches and the suggested theories (Swedish satisfaction model and Katler views towards communications skills and costumers’ loyalty), all aspects of the costumers’ satisfaction and loyalty are effected by the managers’ verbal skills. In other words, in this research, the researcher comes to this conclusion that there is a significant relationship between managers’ verbal skills and costumers’ satisfaction and loyalty. Thus, this research has been successful in answering the above-mentioned question, an answer which is in turn based on scientific method and scientific tools.

The purpose of this research was to compare male elite athletes’ leisure time spending with male amateur athletes’ leisure time spending in the city of Ardebil. The research method was causal-comparative. Statistical population included two groups of 40 elite athletes and 100 amateur athletes. 40 people were selected from each group as sample. The method used for sampling was simple random sampling. The data collection tool was researcher-made questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's Alpha included 0/81 for the questions concerning the amounts of leisure time, 0/78 for the questions concerning the ways of spending leisure time, and 0/88 for the questions concerning the level of satisfaction from leisure time. SPSS was used for data analysis and Chi-square and independent t-test were used hypothesis analysis. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the amounts of male elite athletes’ leisure time and male amateur athletes’ leisure time in Ardebil. that is to say, the elite athletes have more amounts of leisure time than the amateur athletes do. There is a significant difference between the elite and amateur athletes in terms of the ways of spending leisure time. the most common way of spending leisure time among the elite athletes is sports. Finally, there is a significant difference between the elite and amateur athletes in terms of satisfaction from leisure time; that is, the level of satisfaction among the amateur athletes is higher than that of the elite athletes in Ardebil.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective factors on sport tourism development in West Azarbaijan with the emphasis on natural-sport attractions. The subjects of this research were 103 experts’. The current research was survey type and performed as a kind of field-research. Data were collected by using a researcher- made questionnaire based on Likert scale and internal consistency of the questionnaire was accessed by cronbachs alpha to be 0.93. Collected data were analyzed by using Factor Analysis method. Results of the study showed that: Attractions related to the aquatic- coastal and summary sports (./78), and attractions respect to the woodland and desert-running (./57), respectively had the highest and lowest amount. So, effective management and comprehensive planning with strong belief toward investment considering geysers attractions and nature therapy can be helpful to the development of this industry. Therefore, in order to improve sport tourism infrastructure, special budget must be devoted for sports facilities. Moreover, residential and welfare equipments must be created regarding the geographical and regional conditions of each area.

The purpose of this article is to define the relationship between the consumption of media (local media- satellite, internet) and the any way of spending their leisure time as a fundamental factor of girls’ lifestyle. The method of this study is guantitat based of the type of gathered and analyzed data which has used the survey technique. The statistical sampling includes all current athletic girls in the 10th Olympic games of medical university students of Shahrekord which 355 persons have been elected according stratified sampling. The result of research showed that there is meaningful relationship between the consumption of media and their way of leisure time spending. But the correlations between them are positive and there is negative relationship between utilization of internet and satellite and leisure time. In other words, as the utilization of local media is got more normalized but the more usage of internet and satellite by athletic girls influence them to choose the type of leisure time that is in conflict with norms of society. Also the results of multi various regression disclose that the utility of 2 kinds of media such as internal media and satellite cause 26 percent of changes in depended variable(lifestyle).

The purpose at this research is finding a relation between sport background and football trainers’ exhaustion in first league and super league of Iran. This study is applied descriptive type. The statistical sample of research is all 87 couches that work in these leagues and the samplesiting method is objective type one I the measurement instrument was exhaustion questioner that in this research had Cronbach’s Alpha of 76 percent. We have used formula for investigating the relationship between Pearson correlation statistical sports backgrounds and exhaustion and x^2 -Test (k-score) in order to study the relation between exhaustion and championship and we used T- test to comper exhaustion in couches of super league and first league. The results from investigations depict that there is no relationship between subscale of exhaustion and spot background of couch. It is considerable that the degree of vocational exhaustion in super league is higher than first league. Every couch should perform a strong affective relation with their players and the existence of intermediate and high level of affective tiredness is very considerable and the soccer federation should proceed against the view deflection of all couches and do all measure to improve individual and social behaviors of trainers.

The present article, titled "Obligation to the Youth Rights: an Opportunity for Realizing the Vision 2025", is an applied research, which aims at explaining of positive aspects of youth rights in realizing the ideals of Vision 2025. At this article, the hypothesis will be approved through answering to the research questions. The hypothesis indicates that there is a direct significant relation between the youth rights and the realizing of the ideals of Vision 2025 as the research variables. The research method is documentary and the collected data is mainly qualitative. Achieving the research goal by answering to the argued questions, the research structure is designed, in which the general issues would be discussed in the introduction, and the key concept, theoretical principles as well as the background of the youth rights would be discussed in the first chapter, titled "literature review and theoretical/ conceptual framework". The second chapter, titled "Situation Analysis: From Ideals to Challenges", will argue the ideal situation of the question illustrated in the Vision 2025 as well as the challenges facing the realizing youth rights in the country. Finally, the suggestions for realizing the ideals of Vision 2025 in the field of youth rights will be proposed in the third chapter titled "Youth Rights and Some Implications for Realizing the Vision 2025". The paradigms and theoretical approaches adopted by the authors will be clearly explained. They believe that the question of youth rights is explainable under the two paradigms of social capital and mutual rights. Also, they believe that the proper approaches to the youth rights are "Balanced Approach" and "Developmental Approach". The balanced approach means that the attention to the youth rights and youth responsibilities must be equal and in parallel. The developmental approach emphasizes on using the youth social capital as an opportunity for sustainable development.

The aim of present research was to investigate the impact of life-skills training program on social competence of first grade high school girl students in Tehran city. The sample of this experimental research consists of two groups of thirty students from 14 and 2 education zones of Tehran. Students were randomly and assigned to control and experimental groups. Experimental group took part in 12 sessions of life skills training program (90 minutes each) which consisted of: self awareness, decision making, problem solving, time management, control of aggression, assertiveness, coping with stress & interpersonal relationships skills. The research tool used in this study were social competence questionnaire (r= 0. 89) which was taken twice as the pre and post tests. Data was analyzed using covariance statistical test (ANCOVA). Results showed that experimental group benefited from life skills training program and their social competence and its components (cognitive٫ motivational٫ behavioral and emotional) improved significantly.

The university is a place where provokes individual spirit that this moralereflects itself in different strategy. So the students in family cooperation and inthe fields that they have problem with their family usually adopt several strategies and these strategies assumption are synthetic in that at the beginning they choose resistance strategy and then they adopt changing strategy and after this resistance and changing strategies. They precede tolerance, avoidance and forbearance strategies and in some cases they assume conformity as a strategy. The students strategies of identity is also composed of resistance identity and planning identity. Several elements cause this process of students’ strategies. The significance of family, the roles that it pays in their life, is the most determinant factor because the need of being support by family is vita and they will lose the most important vital resources and encounter with numerous challenges if they rejected by their family. Although students have strong individualist spirits, approaches and inclinations, all in all they oppose. They tend to change their family structure because the survival and permanency of their life is related to living with family and being support by them, they proceed strategies other than resistance one, although this adoption of several strategies by students is not because of the diminution of their individuality. This research is done according to method of fundamental theory and its results are gathered by interviewing 21 students in social science faculty of Allameh University.

Like other developing countries, the society of Iran is under variation in social, economical and cultural aspects. Changing in youth life style is one of the important variations that made a huge challenge in society Iran. Because of sociability of Iranian youth in media and new domestic appliances, they are pioneers of these changes, and have requirement potential for acceptance of new lifestyle. This metamorphosis in lifestyle is easily rejected by their parents. So they resist upon this change, and this contrast causes social damages. this survey studies the social pathology of youth lifestyle that is an account of modernization. In this research we gathered required information by documentation method, at first, and then we surveyed this data by meta-analyses method. The result of the research revealed that all aspects of modernization have entered rapidly in traditional society of Iran. And people who are contemporary with current changes became sociable with mother experiences. Those carry the past traditions when they are making their decisions for their life. So this contrast made the society vulnerable to social damage.

Because of the importance of abnormalities in Iraian infants, this study aimed at a meta-analysis of the researches done on the relationship of kinship marriages and physical and mental abnormalities in infants. The researchers used the technique of meta-analysis by summing up the results of different studies and investigated the issue. To do so, from 30 studies available, 15 studies which were methodologically acceptable were chosen and a meta-analysis was done on them. This study included 6706 participants and 15 effect sizes. The results of the analysis show that the effect size of the relationship of kinship marriages and physical and mental abnormalities in infants is (r-0/18). (p=00001).

The aim of the current research is study of relationship between social physique anxiety and youth participation in leisure time physical activity. This work is a correlation descriptive research. The sample of population is composed of 150 persons (male: 72, female 78) that the average of ages of the sample is 24± 2.53. They filled social physique anxiety by Motl & Conroy (2000) and adolescent measure scale of leisure time physical activity behavior (Rice & et.al, 2009). At first using colmogrof- simsnoof test, it is confirmed that the data is normal. Then the data was analyzed by T-test, F-test and person correlation formula. The guide knowledge discovered (r = -0.63, sig = 0.001). There is negative meaningful relation between social physique anxiety and leisure time physical activity behavior. There is also meaningful discrepancy between leisure time physical activity of two groups (r = 2.53, sig = 0. 01) and between their social physique anxiety (r = 2.84, sig = 0. 0001). This result discloses that the people with high social physique anxiety have less participation in leisure time physical activity.